The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.
